California had the largest share of households that owned or leased electric vehicles, about 14%, according to new 2025 American Community Survey data released Thursday by the U.S. Census Bureau. The national estimate was 5.5%.
The release marks the first time the survey has published data on households by type of vehicle.
| State | Share on public sewer |
|---|---|
| Utah | 93.5% |
| Nevada | 92.6% |
| Arizona | 87.9% |
| Texas | 85.9% |
Nationally, about 122.3 million households reported access to at least one vehicle. Of those, about 7.3 million said at least one was an all-electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
“Western states have led the way in switching to electric vehicles,” said Tricia Holley, a survey statistician at the Census Bureau. She said California had the highest rate of adoption per household, followed by Washington, Hawaii and Nevada.
At the county level, Santa Clara County, California, led the nation with about 24% of households reporting an electric vehicle, Holley said. Outside California, the Census Bureau listed Boulder County, Colorado (13.9%), Loudoun County, Virginia (13.9%), King County, Washington (13.4%) and Douglas County, Colorado (12.6%) among the counties with the highest shares. The bureau said those four were not statistically different from each other.
The 2025 survey also collected data on home sewer systems for the first time. Nearly 80% of homes were connected to a public sewer, 19.2% had septic tanks, and 1.1% used some other type of system.
Sewer connections varied by region, the Census Bureau said. Sun Belt states with newer construction had high shares of homes on public sewers, including Utah (93.5%), Nevada (92.6%), Arizona (87.9%) and Texas (85.9%).
Many New England states, where older homes are more common, had homes more likely to be on septic tanks. Examples were Maine (55.0%), Vermont (54.4%) and New Hampshire (50.1%). The bureau said the figures for Maine and Vermont were not statistically different from each other.
By housing type, mobile homes were more likely to be connected to septic tanks (49.9%). Multiunit structures were more likely to be connected to public sewers (97.6%).
The Census Bureau said release dates for the remaining 2025 American Community Survey products will be announced in the coming months as it works through required methodological changes.
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