State populations: how each state is changing
Every state's population and how it changed each year since 2020 through births, deaths and people moving, from the U.S. Census Bureau's population estimates.
Built by the Tribune's code from official data. No AI wrote this page. Latest estimates: July 1, 2025. Updated each year after the Census Bureau publishes its state estimates, usually in December.
The U.S. population was an estimated 341,784,857 on July 1, 2025, up 1,781,060 (0.5%) from a year earlier, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
California had the most people, 39,355,309. Texas gained the most residents in the year, 391,243, and South Carolina grew fastest, 1.5%.
Five states lost population in the year: California, Hawaii, Vermont, New Mexico, West Virginia.
The figures are estimates for July 1 of each year, built from births, deaths and migration since the 2020 Census. The Census Bureau revises earlier years each time it publishes a new year.
| California | 39,355,309 | -9,465 | -0.0% | -0.4% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | 31,709,821 | +391,243 | +1.2% | +8.4% |
| Florida | 23,462,518 | +196,680 | +0.8% | +8.7% |
| New York | 20,002,427 | +1,008 | +0.0% | -0.6% |
| Pennsylvania | 13,059,432 | +13,584 | +0.1% | +0.5% |
| Illinois | 12,719,141 | +16,108 | +0.1% | -0.6% |
| Ohio | 11,900,510 | +39,889 | +0.3% | +0.9% |
| Georgia | 11,302,748 | +98,540 | +0.9% | +5.3% |
| North Carolina | 11,197,968 | +145,907 | +1.3% | +7.2% |
| Michigan | 10,127,884 | +27,922 | +0.3% | +0.6% |
| New Jersey | 9,548,215 | +41,861 | +0.4% | +3.0% |
| Virginia | 8,880,107 | +60,465 | +0.7% | +2.8% |
| Washington | 8,001,020 | +73,062 | +0.9% | +3.5% |
| Arizona | 7,623,818 | +67,394 | +0.9% | +6.1% |
| Tennessee | 7,315,076 | +63,785 | +0.9% | +5.6% |
| Massachusetts | 7,154,084 | +15,524 | +0.2% | +2.4% |
| Indiana | 6,973,333 | +38,579 | +0.6% | +2.7% |
| Missouri | 6,270,541 | +26,997 | +0.4% | +1.9% |
| Maryland | 6,265,347 | +20,033 | +0.3% | +1.4% |
| Colorado | 6,012,561 | +24,059 | +0.4% | +3.9% |
| Wisconsin | 5,972,787 | +15,619 | +0.3% | +1.3% |
| Minnesota | 5,830,405 | +33,000 | +0.6% | +2.1% |
| South Carolina | 5,570,274 | +79,958 | +1.5% | +8.5% |
| Alabama | 5,193,088 | +30,033 | +0.6% | +3.2% |
| Louisiana | 4,618,189 | +3,311 | +0.1% | -0.7% |
| Kentucky | 4,606,864 | +22,818 | +0.5% | +2.2% |
| Oregon | 4,273,586 | +8,262 | +0.2% | +0.7% |
| Oklahoma | 4,123,288 | +25,530 | +0.6% | +4.0% |
| Connecticut | 3,688,496 | +14,047 | +0.4% | +3.0% |
| Utah | 3,538,904 | +35,921 | +1.0% | +7.8% |
| Nevada | 3,282,188 | +28,645 | +0.9% | +5.3% |
| Iowa | 3,238,387 | +7,933 | +0.2% | +1.5% |
| Arkansas | 3,114,791 | +18,711 | +0.6% | +3.3% |
| Kansas | 2,977,220 | +11,968 | +0.4% | +1.3% |
| Mississippi | 2,954,160 | +3,988 | +0.1% | -0.1% |
| New Mexico | 2,125,498 | -1,276 | -0.1% | +0.3% |
| Idaho | 2,029,733 | +28,861 | +1.4% | +9.8% |
| Nebraska | 2,018,006 | +12,415 | +0.6% | +2.8% |
| West Virginia | 1,766,147 | -1,255 | -0.1% | -1.4% |
| Hawaii | 1,432,820 | -2,132 | -0.1% | -1.3% |
| New Hampshire | 1,415,342 | +6,824 | +0.5% | +2.6% |
| Maine | 1,414,874 | +6,436 | +0.5% | +3.7% |
| Montana | 1,144,694 | +7,137 | +0.6% | +5.3% |
| Rhode Island | 1,114,521 | +4,106 | +0.4% | +1.6% |
| Delaware | 1,059,952 | +9,829 | +0.9% | +6.9% |
| South Dakota | 935,094 | +7,984 | +0.9% | +5.3% |
| North Dakota | 799,358 | +5,971 | +0.8% | +2.5% |
| Alaska | 737,270 | +733 | +0.1% | +0.6% |
| District of Columbia | 693,645 | +2,335 | +0.3% | +3.4% |
| Vermont | 644,663 | -1,858 | -0.3% | +0.3% |
| Wyoming | 588,753 | +2,031 | +0.3% | +1.9% |
| Puerto Rico | 3,184,835 | -17,686 | -0.6% | -3.0% |
How to read these figures
The Census Bureau counts everyone every 10 years. In between, it estimates each state's population for July 1 of each year by starting from the last census and adding births, subtracting deaths and adding the people who moved in, minus those who moved out. "Moving between states" is the Census Bureau's estimate of net domestic migration and "moving from abroad" its estimate of net international migration, each per 1,000 residents.
Each new release revises the earlier years, so a state's figure for a past year can change from one year to the next. The Census Bureau publishes the full tables and methods.
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2025 Population Estimates.